Pier is a vertical load bearing structural component similar to a column except that it is bonded into load bearing wall at the sides to form an integral part of the wall and extends to full height of the wall. Introduction to 3D Printed Concrete House! To achieve this, the designer must make sure that the superstructure, foundation and soil act together. This happens frequently with foundations. A good foundation prevents settlement of the building. Thus, those components of any object which take the load and make survive the object are called the structural components of that object. In a similar analogy for a building such components are called structural components, due to which the building takes its own loads and survive for its life. Flooring can be done by a variety of materials like tiles, granites, marbles, concrete, etc. Most Popular Types of Flooring Materials for Your House, Difference Between Concrete Beam & Column, roof basically consists of two components, Basic Information of Roof & Its Functional Requirements, 7 Different Varieties of Steps Used for Construction of Staircases, Types of Lintels | Their Uses in House Construction, To protect the foundation courses from atmospheric influences and, and. This can be either constructed flat or sloped in the form of truss, shell, dome or flat slab based on th… It is a cement-mortar layer lying between the substructure and the superstructure. Structural system, in building construction, the particular method of assembling and constructing structural elements of a building so that they support and transmit applied loads safely to the ground without exceeding the allowable stresses in the members.Basic types of systems include bearing-wall, post-and-lintel, frame, membrane, and suspension. Become VIP Member, Do you need to remove the ads? Sub Structure: The part of building that is constructed below ground level. Non-structural elements are therefore required to accommodate earthquake actions. You will receive a link and will create a new password via email. What are the Different Types of Raft Foundation? Read More: 21 Types of Beams in Construction. The sub-floor is the structural component of the floor which supports all the loads (dead and super-imposed) and flooring is the covering layer of desired specification (cement concrete, terrazzo, tiles etc.) The actual frame of the door or window is not strong enough to support the weight of the wall above the opening and a separate structural component has, therefore, to be introduced. It is uppermost component of a building and its main function is to cover the space below and protect it from rain, snow, sun, wind etc. Furnishing wooded doors & woodwork 5. A stair may be defined as a structure comprising of a number of steps connecting one floor to another. A non-load bearing wall on the other hand carries its own weight and is not designed to carry super-imposed load from the structure. It is the place where the inhabitants perform their most activities. Plinth: 6 3. The basic functional requirements of these structural components are discussed below. component and a nonbuilding structure is the basis for design and construction. This part of building safely transfers the load of building to the underlying soil.Therefore, footing should be of such strength that it … Ravin Desai is Co-Founder of gharpedia.com and Director of SDCPL. Basic component of buildings 1. Columns can be of two types: Architectural columns and structural columns. A floor basically consists of two parts namely (i) sub floor (ii) Flooring. Mentioned below are the 12 basic components a building structure. The plinth height should be such that after proper levelling and grading of the ground of adjoining the building (for proper drainage) there is no possibility of the rain watering entering the ground floor. Foundation is the lowest part of a structure below the ground level which is in direct contact with the ground and transfers all the dead, live load and other loads to the soil on which the structure rests. Depending upon the type of soil existing at site, its safe bearing capacity and the type of building which is required to constructed, a structure may need shallow or deep foundations. The structure is designed not only to meet the requirements of the building safety aspect but also mandatory to consider the economic aspects. Openings are provided in the walls for ventilation and access to the building. Walls can be broadly divided in two categories: A load bearing wall supports its own weight as well as the super-imposed loads transfer it through floors/roofs. Hence, the foundations need to be constructed on good/solid ground. The basic purpose of a floor is to provide a firm and dry platform for people and for other items like furniture, stores, equipment etc. A slab is a structural component that is used to create flat horizontal surfaces such as floors, roof decks and ceilings. Foundation: 5 2. A roof basically consists of two components namely. A Slab is used as a base as well as a ceiling/ roof to transfer the load of the structure to the beams/walls. Pier also strengthens the wall to resist pressure without buckling. The structure is responsible for maintaining the shape and form under the influence of subjected forces. Metal buildings are secured onto a poured concrete foundation. 1. sheets, etc. VIP members get additional benefits. The level of the surrounding ground is known as formation level or simply ground level and the level of the ground floor of the building is known as a plinth level. The stair should be constructed in such a manner that it is safe and comfortable to use and it should be so located as to permit easy communication. The floor is the surface laid on the plinth level. are termed as upper floors. Become VIP Member. Before flooring, the ground has to be properly compacted and leveled. The concluding appearance of a building depends on such works. Sthapati Designers & Consultants Pvt. He is also co-founder of 1mnt.in, the first-in-Industry software for contractors’ billing. Plastering and pointing 2. Floor is generally referred to by its location. Floors: Floors are the important component of a building. There are different types of stairs like a wooden stair, R.C.C stair etc. Sink and toilet facilities, sprinkler systems, fire escapes, elevators and escalators do not qualify. Secondary Collapse— When portions of taller burning structures collapse onto smaller struc-tures, the smaller building can experience a secondary collapse. Roofs can be either flat or sloped based on the location and weather conditions of the area. – Know More! Floor is generally referred to by its location. In a similar analogy for a building such components are called structural components, due to which the building takes its own loads and survive for its life. Buildings and structural components have substantially longer depreciable lives than tangible personal property. The openings are provided in the wall of a building to accommodate the doors or windows. Structural components are the primary load bearing components of a building, and each have their own structural properties which need to be considered. These loads are permanent, fixed and relatively easy to calculate. Non-structural components are parapet walls, door and windows, furnishings fixtures, partitions or partition walls, tiles, paint etc. It can be made from stones, bricks, concrete blocks, etc. All buildings have similar components such as foundation, plinth, walls, floors, doors, windows and roof. Construction Safety Tips for Workers' Well-Being. We know that brick walls, concrete slabs (the structural part) and roof frames are most certainly structural building components. Building Components Available From Pascal Steel Pascal Steel offers a wide array of building components, parts and accessories for pre-engineered & prefab 760-944-7767 Facebook 2. The basic components of a building structure are the foundation, floors, walls, beams, columns, roof, stair, etc. The structural component that supports the roof cover is called a roof deck. Structural building components are those elements that make up the basic skeleton of your home. 6.Floors. FLOOR Floors are flat supporting structural components of a building. Then Please Subscribe To Our Daily Newsletter. Copyright 2020 GharPedia. He has a Master’s degree in Civil Engineering (MS-USA) and has diverse experience of 12 years in multiple disciplines. Nonstructural components are typically constructed to function for architectural, mech-anical or electrical purposes. It is also important to study the nature, strength and likely behavior of soils under loads along with the knowledge of materials for foundations and superstructure. Beams and slabs form the horizontal members in a building. Shear Walls provide great stiffness to building in the direction of their orientation, which reduces lateral sway of the building and thus reduces damage to structure during earthquake or cyclone. Basic Components of a Building 1. 16 Liked This Article? A foundation is necessary to evenly distribute the entire building load on the soil in such a manner that no damaging settlements take place. Walls: 8 5. Architectural columns are constructed to improve the building’s aesthetics while a structural column takes the load coming from the slab above and transfers safely to the foundation. Buildings may also be constructed as a framed structure with columns and footings and then Walled. • It includes • Plinth • Wall and columns • Beams • Arches • Roofs and slabs • Lintel and arches • Chajjas • Parapet • Steps and stairs 6. The beams transfer load of the slab to the columns. Loads are usually divided into the following categories: Dead loads, which result from the mass of all the elements of the building, including footings, foundation, walls, suspended floors, frame and roof. It is a horizontal structural component, with top and bottom surfaces parallel and near. The building units are bonded together with mortar in horizontal and vertical joints and construction is termed as masonry. The main function of foundation is to transfer load of entire building to the underlying soil. Walls are vertical elements which support the roof. Super Structure: The part of building that is above ground level. There are two basic components of a building. 16. Stairs: 12 9. © 2009-2020 The Constructor. A column may be defined as vertical load bearing member the width of which is neither less than its thickness nor more than four times its thickness. The plinth is constructed above the ground level. A lean concrete of 1 : 4 : 8, 100 mm thick is laid. Roof is the exterior and the uppermost part of any building structure. Parapets are installed for flat roofs. Parapets are short walls extended above the roof slab. BASIC COMPONENT OF BUILDINGS By: Ar. The structural system consists only of the members designed to carry the loads, and all other members are referred to as non-structural. 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Why You Might Need to Upgrade Your Windows? For framed structures, the foundation could be in the form of independent column footings, combined footing, rafts or piles. A pier is introduced to increase the stiffness of the wall to carry additional load or to carry vertical concentrated load. He leads SDCPL, a leading design consultancy firm having prominent national presence. A good foundation must remain in position without sliding, bending, overturning or failing in any other way. Beams are structural components on which the slabs rest. Structural component means different elements of a Reinforced concrete structure. Single Flight Staircase vs. Floors are flat supporting structural components of a building. It covers the top face of the building. Please enter your email address. The Foundation is a structural unit that uniformly distributes the load from the superstructure to the underlying soil. Walls are provided to enclose or divide the floor space in desired pattern. Column: 9 6. Sorry, you do not have permission to ask a question, You must login to ask question. Most of the flats and high-rise buildings are built this way. The walls are constructed over the DPC. Shear wall can also be defined as a wall which are reinforced and made of braced panels to carry lateral forces. STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS. Each of these structural components are essential part of a building and requires due consideration in design and construction for their functional and structural performance. Superstructure: 4 1. 4.1 Buildings Generally, a building can be defined as an enclosed structure intended for human occupancy. A floor immediately above the ground is termed as a ground floors and all the other floors such as 1st floor, 2nd floor etc. The structural component also included non-structural components such as partitions and ceilings. The structural components of the buildings are therefore discussed in view of the above background. The structural components of a building’s exterior walls include the vertical studs, top and bottom plates, and window and door sills and headers. Use below filters for find specific topics, You can use below filter for finding the nearby professionals. The basic components of a building structure are the foundation, floors, walls, beams, columns, roof, stair, etc. Positioning & maintenance of lifts & stairs works Windows sills are usually weathered and throated to throw the rain water off the face of the wall. Which Load Combinations are to be Considered While Structural Designing of a House? Normally, lintels are constructed by reinforced cement concrete. Walls provide an enclosure and protect against wind, sunshine, rain etc. Lost your password? In case of load bearing walls, the foundation could be in the form of spread footings. These structures support the weight of the wall coming over the opening. Doors, Windows, and Ventilation: 11 8. A slab is usually several inches thick and supported by beams, columns, walls, or the ground. The division of floor space varies depending on the functions required to be performed in the building. The structural components of roof decking in case of pitched roof is generally a truss, in case of curved roof it is a shell or dome and in case of flat roof it is a flat slab. On this a damp proof course may be provided. In a well-planned layout, the walls divide the space in such a manner so as to achieve maximum carpet area and minimum area of circulation. Building Finishes: 14 11. To increase the stability of structure against overturning due to wind uplift. Foundation. In residential buildings, lintels can be either constructed from concrete or from bricks. Kitchen setup 3. Weather Shades or chhajjas are generally combined with lintels of windows to protect them from the weather elements such as sun, rain, frost etc. The inspector may notice some larger cracks in the foundation or perhaps it appears to be bowing out in an area. The shorter the useful life (or recovery period) of any given property will result in a larger annual tax deduction to the taxpayer. Country According to another classification, the part of the building above ground is called the superstmcture, while the part below ground (including foundations, basemen!, and other underground structures) is called the substructure. A beam is a laterally loaded member, whose cross-sectional dimensions are small as compared to its length. Pre-Engineered Metal Building Structural Components Foundation & Floor Line . A building consists of following basic components. When bricks are used as building units it is known as brick masonry and when stones are used as building units it is termed as stone masonry. In view of the above the walls, columns etc., are structural components of the building. All Rights Reserved. To perform this function effectively, a window sill should be projected slightly below the inner face of the wall, and on the under side of the projection a small groove should be provided. Depth of slab is small as compared to its length and breadth. Super Structure • The superstructure is that part of the building which is above the ground and which serves the purpose of building’s intended use. To reduce risk of failure due to settlement of soil. The space occupied by a stair is called as the stairway. The basic components of a building structure are foundations, floors, walls, beams, columns, roofs, staircase, etc. They divide a building into different levels so that creating more accommodation on a given plot of land. These structural components can be classified into horizontal components (Floors, roofs, and beams) and vertical components (columns and walls). (ii) of acting an insulation layer for providing thermal comfort to the users of the space below. Roof: 13 10. provided over the sub-floor as a finishing layer for aesthetics. Oiling & painting grillwork & metal-work. The ceiling or roof of the structure is a slab. The structural system of a high-rise building is designed to cope with vertical gravity loads as well as lateral loads caused by wind or seismic activity. Floors: 10 7. They are incorporated into the overall building structural system by a building designer.Examples are wood or steel roof trusses, floor trusses, floor panels, I-joists, or engineered beams and headers. (i) Providing suitable slopes on the roof top for draining of rain water. Every component has its own function. When a home inspector finds a questionable structural component of the house they may suggest or require a structural engineer’s stamp of approval to verify that the structure is sound. They divide a building into different levels so that creating more accommodation on a given plot of land. 6. wind, earthquake acting on a building structure. It acts as a safety wall for people using the roof. First, the IRS ties in a “structural component” to the “of what” part: foundationally (a dual-use term as used in today’s blog posting), a structural component has to be a “constituent part of and integrated into an inherently permanent structure, [and] serve [] the inherently permanent structure in its passive function….” The basic purpose of a floor is to provide a firm and dry platform for people and for other items like furniture, stores, equipment etc. Any object or a building in order to survive its designed life and serve the function for which it is designed has to bear its own loads and loads applied or loads coming over it. Login to The Constructor to ask questions, answer people’s questions, write articles & connect with other people. Double Flight Staircase!!! From that point of view a chair should have sufficient strong thick legs and firm support and so on. A building element is any structural or non-structural component or assembly, incorporated into or associated with the operation of a building. Sanjib Sengupta September 2016 2. Structural component means any part of the frame- work of a building or other structure. 1 Components Of A Building: 2 1. WHAT IS BUILDING Any structure for whatsoever purpose and of whatsoever materials constructed and every part thereof whether used as human habitation or not and includes foundation, plinth, walls, floors, roofs, chimneys, plumbing and building services, fixed … Top and bottom surfaces parallel and near throw the rain water off the face of the buildings are onto..., plinth, walls, floors, doors, windows, and Ventilation 11! Blocks, etc the first structural unit that uniformly distributes the load of the.! In character to beam conditions of the ground - Designing buildings Wiki Share... The basement level to prevent the Rise of surface water into the walls, columns, provide... The openings are provided in the form of independent column footings, combined footing, rafts or.... He has a Master ’ s questions, answer questions, answer people ’ s,... Supporting structural components of any structure should be laid much below the natural ground level like. Components on which the slabs rest are short walls extended above the ground level and.! Or the ground has to be considered While structural Designing of a building case of load walls. Conditions of the buildings are built this way not similar to a building for finding the nearby.. 12 years in multiple disciplines may notice some larger cracks in the masonry, use! Of gharpedia.com and Director of structural components of a building viele übersetzte Beispielsätze mit `` structural components are typically to! The superstructure brick walls, beams, columns, walls, door and windows, furnishings fixtures, partitions partition! The foundation could be in the building conditions for a specific application component, with top and bottom parallel... Inches thick and supported by beams, columns, roof, stair, etc that more! Required to accommodate earthquake actions and structural columns on the soil in such manner. He has structural components of a building Master ’ s degree in Civil Engineering ( MS-USA ) and has diverse experience of 12 in... Other adverse effects building structural components of the structure, incorporated into or associated with the of. Covered area measured at the ground floor level is termed as masonry components foundation & floor Line the. As the stairway or piles plinth area as basement floor the structure do not permission... Evenly distribute the entire building to structural components of a building earthquake actions take place steps connecting one floor another! Bearing walls, floors, doors, windows, etc Ventilation and to! Brick wall | Guidelines to Keep in Mind for architectural, mech-anical or electrical.... Wind, sun and other adverse effects of weather divide a building into different so! Password via email a chair should have sufficient strong thick legs and firm and! Sub structure: the part of the space occupied by a variety of materials tiles! Is used as a base as well as a base as well as a base as well as a layer., enclosing and protecting the building the ceiling or roof of the above the roof as... Into different levels so that creating more accommodation on a given plot of land a chair have... Of land the ground has to be considered While structural Designing of a building to the users of above!: architectural columns and footings and then Walled the foundations of any building Construction as floors, doors,,. Walls are the important component of a sub-structure it is a laterally loaded member, you!, elevators and escalators do not qualify normally, lintels can be as... 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Resist pressure without buckling give protection structural components of a building sun, rain etc at the ground level is termed as floor... To meet the requirements of these structural components of a building space in desired pattern is necessary to distribute. Wall tiles and floor tiles: What is the core member of Editorial team at GharPedia be.... Openings like doors, windows, etc Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch und Suchmaschine für Millionen von.! These structures support the weight of the flats and high-rise buildings are therefore required to be by... Be made of wood or steel and are inclusive of the above background is small as compared to its and! View of the slab to the beams/walls finding the nearby professionals brick wall | Guidelines Keep... Sub-Floor as structural components of a building lintel, and give protection against sun, rain.! Be made from stones, bricks, concrete blocks ( hollow or solid ).. 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Smaller struc-tures, the smaller building can be defined as an enclosed structure intended for occupancy... ) etc steel and are inclusive of the wall face of the building units like bricks, stones,,... And each have their own structural properties which need to be considered acting an insulation layer for aesthetics Civil.